diff --git a/core/fpdfapi/edit/cpdf_pagecontentgenerator_unittest.cpp b/core/fpdfapi/edit/cpdf_pagecontentgenerator_unittest.cpp
index 1244b12..859f5b3 100644
--- a/core/fpdfapi/edit/cpdf_pagecontentgenerator_unittest.cpp
+++ b/core/fpdfapi/edit/cpdf_pagecontentgenerator_unittest.cpp
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
   auto pDoc = pdfium::MakeUnique<CPDF_Document>(nullptr);
   pDoc->CreateNewDoc();
   CPDF_Dictionary* pPageDict = pDoc->CreateNewPage(0);
-  auto pTestPage = pdfium::MakeRetain<CPDF_Page>(pDoc.get(), pPageDict, false);
+  RetainPtr<CPDF_Page> pTestPage = pDoc->GetOrCreatePDFPage(pPageDict);
   CPDF_PageContentGenerator generator(pTestPage.Get());
   std::ostringstream buf;
   TestProcessPath(&generator, &buf, pPathObj.get());
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
   auto pDoc = pdfium::MakeUnique<CPDF_Document>(nullptr);
   pDoc->CreateNewDoc();
   CPDF_Dictionary* pPageDict = pDoc->CreateNewPage(0);
-  auto pTestPage = pdfium::MakeRetain<CPDF_Page>(pDoc.get(), pPageDict, false);
+  RetainPtr<CPDF_Page> pTestPage = pDoc->GetOrCreatePDFPage(pPageDict);
   CPDF_PageContentGenerator generator(pTestPage.Get());
   auto pTextObj = pdfium::MakeUnique<CPDF_TextObject>();
   CPDF_Font* pFont = CPDF_Font::GetStockFont(pDoc.get(), "Times-Roman");
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@
   auto pDoc = pdfium::MakeUnique<CPDF_Document>(nullptr);
   pDoc->CreateNewDoc();
   CPDF_Dictionary* pPageDict = pDoc->CreateNewPage(0);
-  auto pTestPage = pdfium::MakeRetain<CPDF_Page>(pDoc.get(), pPageDict, false);
+  RetainPtr<CPDF_Page> pTestPage = pDoc->GetOrCreatePDFPage(pPageDict);
   CPDF_PageContentGenerator generator(pTestPage.Get());
 
   std::ostringstream buf;
diff --git a/core/fpdfapi/page/cpdf_page.cpp b/core/fpdfapi/page/cpdf_page.cpp
index 7c0a323..c5c8563 100644
--- a/core/fpdfapi/page/cpdf_page.cpp
+++ b/core/fpdfapi/page/cpdf_page.cpp
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@
 
 CPDF_Page::CPDF_Page(CPDF_Document* pDocument,
                      CPDF_Dictionary* pPageDict,
-                     bool bPageCache)
+                     bool bUseRenderCache)
     : CPDF_PageObjectHolder(pDocument, pPageDict),
       m_PageSize(100, 100),
       m_pPDFDocument(pDocument) {
-  if (bPageCache)
+  if (bUseRenderCache)
     m_pPageRender = pdfium::MakeUnique<CPDF_PageRenderCache>(this);
   if (!pPageDict)
     return;
diff --git a/core/fpdfapi/page/cpdf_page.h b/core/fpdfapi/page/cpdf_page.h
index 0bb99b7..b94326e 100644
--- a/core/fpdfapi/page/cpdf_page.h
+++ b/core/fpdfapi/page/cpdf_page.h
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include "core/fpdfapi/page/cpdf_pageobjectholder.h"
 #include "core/fxcrt/fx_coordinates.h"
 #include "core/fxcrt/fx_system.h"
+#include "core/fxcrt/observable.h"
 #include "core/fxcrt/retain_ptr.h"
 #include "core/fxcrt/unowned_ptr.h"
 #include "third_party/base/optional.h"
@@ -22,7 +23,9 @@
 class CPDF_PageRenderCache;
 class CPDF_PageRenderContext;
 
-class CPDF_Page : public Retainable, public CPDF_PageObjectHolder {
+class CPDF_Page : public Retainable,
+                  public Observable<CPDF_Page>,
+                  public CPDF_PageObjectHolder {
  public:
   class View {};  // Caller implements as desired, empty here due to layering.
   class Extension : public Retainable {};  // XFA page parent class, layering.
@@ -66,7 +69,7 @@
  private:
   CPDF_Page(CPDF_Document* pDocument,
             CPDF_Dictionary* pPageDict,
-            bool bPageCache);
+            bool bUseRenderCache);
   ~CPDF_Page() override;
 
   void StartParse();
diff --git a/core/fpdfapi/parser/cpdf_document.cpp b/core/fpdfapi/parser/cpdf_document.cpp
index 7968d1b..2e4baab 100644
--- a/core/fpdfapi/parser/cpdf_document.cpp
+++ b/core/fpdfapi/parser/cpdf_document.cpp
@@ -602,6 +602,19 @@
   return true;
 }
 
+RetainPtr<CPDF_Page> CPDF_Document::GetOrCreatePDFPage(
+    CPDF_Dictionary* pPageDict) {
+  std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t> key = {pPageDict->GetObjNum(),
+                                       pPageDict->GetGenNum()};
+  if (m_PageMap[key])
+    return RetainPtr<CPDF_Page>(m_PageMap[key].Get());
+
+  auto pPage = pdfium::MakeRetain<CPDF_Page>(this, pPageDict, true);
+  pPage->ParseContent();
+  m_PageMap[key].Reset(pPage.Get());
+  return pPage;
+}
+
 void CPDF_Document::DeletePage(int iPage) {
   CPDF_Dictionary* pPages = GetPagesDict();
   if (!pPages)
diff --git a/core/fpdfapi/parser/cpdf_document.h b/core/fpdfapi/parser/cpdf_document.h
index c2774b1..c240e77 100644
--- a/core/fpdfapi/parser/cpdf_document.h
+++ b/core/fpdfapi/parser/cpdf_document.h
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #define CORE_FPDFAPI_PARSER_CPDF_DOCUMENT_H_
 
 #include <functional>
+#include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <set>
 #include <utility>
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@
   const CPDF_Dictionary* GetInfo() const { return m_pInfoDict.Get(); }
   CPDF_Dictionary* GetInfo() { return m_pInfoDict.Get(); }
 
+  RetainPtr<CPDF_Page> GetOrCreatePDFPage(CPDF_Dictionary* pPageDict);
   void DeletePage(int iPage);
   int GetPageCount() const;
   bool IsPageLoaded(int iPage) const;
@@ -167,7 +169,13 @@
   std::unique_ptr<CPDF_DocRenderData> m_pDocRender;
   std::unique_ptr<JBig2_DocumentContext> m_pCodecContext;
   std::unique_ptr<CPDF_LinkList> m_pLinksContext;
-  std::vector<uint32_t> m_PageList;  // Page number to page's dict objnum.
+
+  // Page number (index) to page's dict objnum.
+  std::vector<uint32_t> m_PageList;
+
+  // Dict {objnum, gennum} to page mapping.
+  std::map<std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t>, CPDF_Page::ObservedPtr> m_PageMap;
+
   UnownedPtr<Extension> m_pExtension;
 };
 
diff --git a/fpdfsdk/fpdf_doc_embeddertest.cpp b/fpdfsdk/fpdf_doc_embeddertest.cpp
index c1f5e02..a9e4701 100644
--- a/fpdfsdk/fpdf_doc_embeddertest.cpp
+++ b/fpdfsdk/fpdf_doc_embeddertest.cpp
@@ -27,11 +27,7 @@
     ref.reset(FPDF_LoadPage(document(), 0));
     unique_pages.insert(ref.get());
   }
-#ifdef PDF_ENABLE_XFA
   EXPECT_EQ(1u, unique_pages.size());
-#else   // PDF_ENABLE_XFA
-  EXPECT_EQ(4u, unique_pages.size());
-#endif  // PDF_ENABLE_XFA
 }
 
 TEST_F(FPDFDocEmbeddertest, DestGetPageIndex) {
diff --git a/fpdfsdk/fpdf_editpage.cpp b/fpdfsdk/fpdf_editpage.cpp
index 39cf85f..9fb6c1f 100644
--- a/fpdfsdk/fpdf_editpage.cpp
+++ b/fpdfsdk/fpdf_editpage.cpp
@@ -196,8 +196,7 @@
   // Eventually, fallthru into non-XFA case once page type is consistent.
   return nullptr;
 #else  // PDF_ENABLE_XFA
-  auto pPage = pdfium::MakeRetain<CPDF_Page>(pDoc, pPageDict, true);
-  pPage->ParseContent();
+  RetainPtr<CPDF_Page> pPage = pDoc->GetOrCreatePDFPage(pPageDict);
   return FPDFPageFromUnderlying(pPage.Leak());  // Caller takes ownership.
 #endif  // PDF_ENABLE_XFA
 }
diff --git a/fpdfsdk/fpdf_flatten.cpp b/fpdfsdk/fpdf_flatten.cpp
index 720fa9f..2d81f12 100644
--- a/fpdfsdk/fpdf_flatten.cpp
+++ b/fpdfsdk/fpdf_flatten.cpp
@@ -47,9 +47,7 @@
 void GetContentsRect(CPDF_Document* pDoc,
                      CPDF_Dictionary* pDict,
                      std::vector<CFX_FloatRect>* pRectArray) {
-  auto pPDFPage = pdfium::MakeRetain<CPDF_Page>(pDoc, pDict, false);
-  pPDFPage->ParseContent();
-
+  RetainPtr<CPDF_Page> pPDFPage = pDoc->GetOrCreatePDFPage(pDict);
   for (const auto& pPageObject : *pPDFPage->GetPageObjectList()) {
     CFX_FloatRect rc;
     rc.left = pPageObject->m_Left;
diff --git a/fpdfsdk/fpdf_ppo.cpp b/fpdfsdk/fpdf_ppo.cpp
index b730424..4ea3334 100644
--- a/fpdfsdk/fpdf_ppo.cpp
+++ b/fpdfsdk/fpdf_ppo.cpp
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@
       if (!pSrcPageDict)
         return false;
 
-      auto srcPage = pdfium::MakeRetain<CPDF_Page>(src(), pSrcPageDict, true);
+      RetainPtr<CPDF_Page> srcPage = src()->GetOrCreatePDFPage(pSrcPageDict);
       NupPageSettings settings =
           nupState.CalculateNewPagePosition(srcPage->GetPageSize());
       AddSubPage(pSrcPageDict, settings, &objectNumberMap, &pageXObjectMap,
diff --git a/fpdfsdk/fpdf_view.cpp b/fpdfsdk/fpdf_view.cpp
index af91175..9af0ca4 100644
--- a/fpdfsdk/fpdf_view.cpp
+++ b/fpdfsdk/fpdf_view.cpp
@@ -354,8 +354,7 @@
   if (!pDict)
     return nullptr;
 
-  auto pPage = pdfium::MakeRetain<CPDF_Page>(pDoc, pDict, true);
-  pPage->ParseContent();
+  RetainPtr<CPDF_Page> pPage = pDoc->GetOrCreatePDFPage(pDict);
   return FPDFPageFromUnderlying(pPage.Leak());
 #endif  // PDF_ENABLE_XFA
 }
@@ -962,7 +961,7 @@
   if (!pDict)
     return false;
 
-  auto page = pdfium::MakeRetain<CPDF_Page>(pDoc, pDict, true);
+  RetainPtr<CPDF_Page> page = pDoc->GetOrCreatePDFPage(pDict);
   *width = page->GetPageWidth();
   *height = page->GetPageHeight();
   return true;
diff --git a/fpdfsdk/fpdfxfa/cpdfxfa_page.cpp b/fpdfsdk/fpdfxfa/cpdfxfa_page.cpp
index 4d7e3bc..f412089 100644
--- a/fpdfsdk/fpdfxfa/cpdfxfa_page.cpp
+++ b/fpdfsdk/fpdfxfa/cpdfxfa_page.cpp
@@ -34,10 +34,9 @@
   if (!pDict)
     return false;
 
-  if (!m_pPDFPage || m_pPDFPage->GetFormDict() != pDict) {
-    m_pPDFPage = pdfium::MakeRetain<CPDF_Page>(pPDFDoc, pDict, true);
-    m_pPDFPage->ParseContent();
-  }
+  if (!m_pPDFPage || m_pPDFPage->GetFormDict() != pDict)
+    m_pPDFPage = pPDFDoc->GetOrCreatePDFPage(pDict);
+
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -80,9 +79,7 @@
   if (!m_pContext || m_iPageIndex < 0 || !pageDict)
     return false;
 
-  m_pPDFPage =
-      pdfium::MakeRetain<CPDF_Page>(m_pContext->GetPDFDoc(), pageDict, true);
-  m_pPDFPage->ParseContent();
+  m_pPDFPage = m_pContext->GetPDFDoc()->GetOrCreatePDFPage(pageDict);
   return true;
 }
 
diff --git a/fxjs/cjs_document.cpp b/fxjs/cjs_document.cpp
index 6657706..3a4ca27 100644
--- a/fxjs/cjs_document.cpp
+++ b/fxjs/cjs_document.cpp
@@ -1256,8 +1256,7 @@
   if (!pPageDict)
     return CJS_Return(false);
 
-  auto page = pdfium::MakeRetain<CPDF_Page>(pDocument, pPageDict, true);
-  page->ParseContent();
+  RetainPtr<CPDF_Page> page = pDocument->GetOrCreatePDFPage(pPageDict);
 
   int nWords = 0;
   WideString swRet;
@@ -1305,8 +1304,7 @@
   if (!pPageDict)
     return CJS_Return(false);
 
-  auto page = pdfium::MakeRetain<CPDF_Page>(pDocument, pPageDict, true);
-  page->ParseContent();
+  RetainPtr<CPDF_Page> page = pDocument->GetOrCreatePDFPage(pPageDict);
 
   int nWords = 0;
   for (auto& pPageObj : *page->GetPageObjectList()) {